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GetProcAddress = _kernel32.GetProcAddress GetModuleHandleA = _kernel32.GetModuleHandleA ImageDirectoryEntryToData = _dbghelp.ImageDirectoryEntryToData # Define helper functions to manipulate the IAT of the module Let’s see how these two steps can be performed in Python using the ctypes and mayhem library modules:

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Note: All of the following examples (before the “Python libraries for API hooking” section) are performed on Windows 7 x32 with Python 3.8.5.

Make the application call the Py_Initialize function to initialize the Python interpreter.

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Make the application load a python.dll file so it can run the Python code.

To make the Python virtual machine run in the target process, you only need to perform a few steps: To make Python code run inside the target application, you may need to inject a Python virtual machine into it. If our hooking code is written in Python, the target process should be able to execute it.īut the target application may not know about Python, its virtual machine, or any interpreted language at all.

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Related services Outsource Software Development in C/C++ How to inject Python code into a processĪs we wrote in our previous article, to hook API functions, the hooking code should be injected inside the memory address space of the target process. So if you don’t know C or C++, you can definitely use Python as an alternative for Windows API hooking.īefore we dig into how to hook API functions with Python, let’s explore how this language works. Also, it allows for fast development, has various useful third-party libraries, and offers convenient environment configuration. Python, on the contrary, has convenient tools like pip and virtual environments for handling dependencies. The reason is that it’s quite common for C/C++ developers to find errors like missing DLL files or inappropriate library versions.

Once you’ve installed everything, it’s still unlikely that you’ll be able to build a project on the first try.

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Install and build third-party libraries, as the standard library may not provide all the utilities you need.Download and build a framework for API hooking.When using С or С++, you’ll have to spend extra time preparing the environment, which requires you to:

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Say you just want to write a small utility or a patch for some application. Let’s compare how working with С/С++ differs from programming with Python. Comparison of compiled and interpreted programming languages Python and JavaScript are common examples of interpreted languages.įigure 1. An interpreter executes a program, interpreting each statement into a sequence of one or more subroutines and then into machine code. C, C++, and Go are common examples of compiled languages.Īn interpreted language is a programming language that is implemented using an interpreter and doesn’t compile source code directly into machine code ahead of execution. A compiler is a program that translates statements written in a particular programming language into another language, usually machine code. Before we explain why this isn’t true and when you can use interpreted languages for API hooking, let’s briefly refresh your memory as to the key differences between those two groups of programming languages.Ī compiled language is a programming language that is implemented using a compiler.

Since API hooking is a low-level technique, compiled languages like C and C++ may seem to be the only choice. If you are lucky, you’ll find examples in C# or Visual Basic. However, most API hooking examples you will encounter on the internet use C or C++. As we mentioned in the article 3 Effective DLL Injection Techniques for Setting API Hooks, API hooking for Windows can be performed using various methods such as injecting dynamic-link libraries (DLLs), injecting code, and using the Win32 Debug API toolset. Code that handles such interception is called a hook. Windows API hooking with the Import Address TableĬonclusion Choosing a programming language for API hookingĪPI hooking covers a range of techniques for altering or augmenting the behavior of an operating system (OS), application, or other software component by intercepting API function calls, messages, or events passed between software components.

Mobile Device and Application ManagementĬhoosing a programming language for API hooking.

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A Complete Guide to Windows API Hooking with Python | Apriorit